Pyrometallurgy of copper pdf

Use add reply to replyparticipate in a topicdiscussion most frequent. Faqs with regards to operating a cu er tankhouse above 400 am2 pdf. Volume iv pyrometallurgy of copper, the hermann schwarze symposium book 1 smelting operations, ancillary operations and furnance integrity kapusta, j. The most common types of ore, copper oxide and copper sulfide, undergo two different processes, hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy, respectively, due to the different. The decreasing quality of the input materials in copper recycling leads to a higher content of impurities in the anode copper. However, in the case of lowgrade ores or complex concentrates with abundant impurities, a combination of the use of hydrometallurgical and aqueous electrowinning are gaining. Copper concentrators typically treat up to 100 000 t of ore per day. Copper hydrometallurgy is a branch of metallurgy method to extract copper directly from those difficulttoconcentrate copper oxide ore. Kansanshi mining plc which encompasses the smelter and the adjacent mine is 80% owned by vancouverbased first quantum minerals ltd and 20% owned by zambian mining.

The branch of extractive metallurgy in which processes employing chemical reactions at elevated temperatures are used to extract and refine nonferrous metals from ores, concentrates, and recycled materials. Pyrometallurgy definition of pyrometallurgy by the free. Volume iv pyrometallurgy of copper, the hermann schwarze symposium book 1 smelting operations. Then, after being smelted, refined copper and copper products are yielded. Hydrometallurgy is typically divided into three general areas. In copper smelting, concentrates are becoming dirtier, needing a wider range of more innovative solutions to remove impurities and maintain product quality. Mets is the engineering company that produced deepsouths preliminary economic assessment pea disclosed on february 26, 2018. The copperii ions are removed again from the organic solvent by reaction with fresh sulfuric acid, producing a much more concentrated copperii sulfate solution than before.

Pyrometallurgy of copper, the hermann schwarze symposium book 2 technology development, process modeling and fundamentals. Pyrometallurgical techniques use heat to separate copper from copper sulfide ore concentrates. Pyrometallurgy, or the use of heat for the treatment, includes smelting and roasting. Copper ore hydrometallurgy and pressure leachingcopper. Copperii ions are deposited as copper on the cathode for the electrode equation, see under the purification of copper below. Chapter 6 copper production technology the last boomin technological innovation for the copper industry occurred in the first two decades of this century, whenopen pit mining, flo tation concentration,and the reverberatory smelter were adapted to porphyry copper ores. Pyrometallurgy it involves the smelting, converting and refining of metal concentrate. The concentrate is further processed in steps of electrolytic refining electrolysis, pyrometallurgy, and selectivesolvent extraction refining for final separation of the pure precious metals. These separation techniques form the basis of thermal smelting and refining operations. Using add reply allows you to attach images or pdf files and provide a more complete input. Primary copper smelter and refinery as a recycling plant. Primary metal production pyrometallurgy deals with chemical reactions at high temperatures ranging from 100c up to 3000c. Pyrometallurgy definition is chemical metallurgy depending on heat action such as roasting and smelting.

Pyrometallurgy definition of pyrometallurgy by merriam. Page 445 the spaces between the joists are covered with boards resting on the cleats and pushed closely together, but not nailed, so that the whole or part of the cover can be easily removed. Hydrometallurgy involve the use of aqueous solutions for the recovery of metals from ores, concentrates, and recycled or residual materials. Beneficiation by froth flotation of ore to give copper concentrate. Pdf copper metallurgy at the crossroads researchgate. In those days, stainless steel manufacturers required ferrochromium with. Base metals are oxidized and removed with the slag, while gold and silver, which do not oxidize, sink and build up, leading to dore bars for further partitioning and refining. Pyrometallurgy pyrometallurgy is the branch of extractive metallurgy. These reactions involve numerous different solids, liquids, and gases, and are carried out using many diverse types of furnaces. Pyrometallurgy of copper, the hermann schwarze symposium book 2 technology development, process modeling and fundamentals landolt, c. Traditional copper hydrometallurgy process typically consists of atmospheric leaching, solvent extraction sx and electrowinning ew.

Extracting copper from copper ironsulfide ores melting and casting cathode copper recycle of copper and copper alloy scrap suggested reading references 2 production and use 2. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Examination of the ellingham diagram shown in figure \\pageindex2\ illustrates why the metals known to the ancients were mainly those such as copper and lead, which can be obtained by smelting at the relatively low temperatures that were obtainable by the methods available at the time in which a charcoal fire supplied both the heat and the carbon. Distribution of precious me tals during the reducing pyrometallurgical processes of complex copper materials 51 when antimony is added to the fecu binary system saturated with carbon, antimony and copper form speiss phase, while carbon and iron form an ironrich phase. In most instances, both phases are molten such as the matte and slag in a conventional copper smelting operation. Processing techniques that complement hydrometallurgy are pyrometallurgy, vapour metallurgy, and molten salt electrometallurgy. The copper ii ions are removed again from the organic solvent by reaction with fresh sulfuric acid, producing a much more concentrated copper ii sulfate solution than before. Hydrometallurgy is a technique within the field of extractive metallurgy, the obtaining of metals from their ores.

The gas phase may also be used to advantage, either as a means of separating valuable volatile constituents or for removing unwanted volatile impurities. Distribution of precious me tals during the reducing pyrometallurgical processes of complex copper materials 49 the reduction smelting process utilizing an electric furnace is commonly used for recovering these metal values. During treatment of these intermediate products a slag phase, matte phase and metallic bullion phase are formed. Polymetallic deepsea nodules contain cobalt, copper, manganese. Pyrometallurgy definition of pyrometallurgy by merriamwebster. The steadily growing demand for all metals is strengthened by the emerging of electrical vehicles ev which brings along the high need of the battery metals, but additionally a significant increase in copper consumption. Process steps include mining, concentration, roasting, smelting.

Differentialflotation processes for mixed sulphides seldom giveascleanaseparation asdesired, andinsomeinstances. Pyrometallurgy, extraction and purification of metals by processes involving the application of heat. Following separation and concentration by mineral processing, metallic minerals are subjected to extractive metallurgy, in which their metallic elements are extracted from chemical compound form and refined of impurities. Copper processing is a complicated process that begins with mining of the ore less than 1% copper and ends with sheets of 99. The most important operations are roasting, smelting, and refining. Principles of extractive metallurgy rakes h kumar email. The first published paper2 in this field, written by r. Copper was produced over the centuries by the pyrometallurgical route. About 80 % of primary copper production comes from lowgrade or poor sulfide ores. It involves heating in a blast furnace at temperatures above 1500c to convert waste to a form that can be refined. Pyrometallurgy article about pyrometallurgy by the free.

They are located directly at the mines to achieve low transport costs. Generally, copper extraction follows the sequence see figure below. Pyrometallurgy definition, the process or technique of refining ores with heat so as to accelerate chemical reactions or to melt the metallic or nonmetallic content. Each extractive situation must be assessed on its own merits by the consideration of such factors as capital and operating costs and the environmental impact. Fourteen domestic mines accounted for more than 95 percent of the 1. Extracting copper from copperironsulfide ores melting and casting cathode copper recycle of copper and copperalloy scrap suggested reading references 2 production and use 2. After enrichment steps, the copper concentrates are usually treated by pyrometallurgical methods. Oct 20, 2014 copper in our electrical world part 3. Copper and nickel are extracted by the sulfuric acidleaching route. Copper ii ions are deposited as copper on the cathode for the electrode equation, see under the purification of copper below.

Monoxide transition calculation 2010 oxides and pyrometallurgy 1 montreal export of results to excel and plotting phase diagrams of oxide systems in equilibrium with metals. A vast majority of metallurgical reactions are made to take place at elevated temperature, because then the compounds become relatively unstable, facilating the realese of the metal, this is called as pyrometallur. It has been reported that in the smelting processes from sulfide concentrates for copper production, the slag volume generated reaches 2. Pdf pyrometallurgical refining of copper in an anode furnace. Pyrometallurgical treatment may produce products able to be sold such as pure metals, or intermediate compounds or alloys, suitable as feed for. Copper cu, owing to its excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, high ductility, corrosion resistance, and ease of recycling, is an essential material in modern society, used in electronics, telecommunication, energy, construction, and the automotive industries. A yazawa and s nakazawa, evaluation of nonequilibrium minor components in pyrometallurgy, in. No serious hydrometallurgical competitors to copper pyrometallurgy emerged, however, the cyprus ci leachci precipitationh2 reduce process which was announced 28 could be interesting for small plants while the recently presented sherrittcominco copper process seems overly complex. Leached residue makes up the highgrade pgmcu concentrate containing 3065% pges. Pyrometallurgy will continue to be a dominant extractive metallurgical method of choice for treating highgrade clean ores and concentrates, such as iron ore or copper.

The book also includes current information on unit operations used. Pyrometallurgy was a prominent part of minteks work during the 1930s. Department of mining, metallurgical, and materials engineering. Metallic compounds are frequently rather complex mixtures those treated commercially are for the most part sulfides, oxides. How copper is extracted, crushed, and sent to the two major processing methods. Pyrometallurgy, nonferrous article about pyrometallurgy. Pyrometallurgy the science and technology of hightemperature metallurgical processes. Dear colleagues, there are several major megatrends having an impact on pyrometallurgical metals processing. In 1989, arizona produced 60 percent of the total u. About 95 % of the ore input goes into the tailings, which are stored in large dams near the mine and are used for. General principles of production of metals by pyrometallurgy.

In ferronickel production, ores are posing difficulties for furnace design, sending engineers back to the drawing board to consider new cooling technologies and refractory selection methods. Roasting, or heating in air without fusion, transforms sulfide ores into oxides, the sulfur escaping as sulfur dioxide, a gas. Use add new topic to ask a new questiondiscussion about pyrometallurgy and electrometallurgy. Copper extraction refers to the methods used to obtain copper from its ores. For a variety oftechnical and economic reasons, theseoresoften cannot beprocessed by normal flotation and pyrometallurgical techniques. Distribution of precious metals during the reducing. This treatment may produce pure metals,intermediate. Obviously, the copper extraction in pyrometallurgy contributes the largest amount of slag among all the nonferrous metals.

Pyrometallurgical treatment may produce saleable products such as pure metals, or intermediate compounds or alloys, suitable as feed for further. Copper concentrates obtained after beneficiating the ore are subjected to a number of operations such as oxidation and melting to get the metal. Introduction copper and copper alloys are essential materials for todays modern world. Established in 1988, mineral engineering technical services provides a range of services in the fields of minerals processing, hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy. This paper provides a brief overview of the current copper smelting operations in southern africa. Primary metal production michigan technological university. In modern metallurgy, pyrometallurgy is of major importance in the production of many of the most useful metals, including iron, steel, lead, copper, and nickel.

Copper that is mined from copper ore, after beneficiation, becomes high quality copper concentrate. There are two ways of smelting copper, one is pyrometallurgy, the other hydrometallurgical. It includes a historical introduction, basic theoretical principles, and a selected list of references. Therefore an improvement of the pyrometallurgical refining process is. Oxides and pyrometallurgy copper extraction from sulfide concentrates using equilib program selection of databases phase selection.

Copper cobalt africa, incorporating the 8th southern african base. The procedures that are used in pyrometallurgy are roasting, smelting, conversion, refining, and distillation. As copper sulphides are the main mining resources in the country, the metal is produced using the classical processes of flotation and pyrometallurgical extraction. It consist of the thermal treatment of minerals and metallurgical ores and concentrates to bring about physical and chemical transformations in the materials to enable recovery of valuable metals. Hydrometallurgy versus pyrometallurgy pyrometallurgy. This process would only be economical if silver andor gold are preconcentrated first, as it is the case in anode slimes from copper electrolytic refining. Pyrometallurgy is a branch of extractive metallurgy. Hydrometallurgy of copper william eckert greenawalt. Pdf the decreasing quality of the input materials in copper recycling leads to a higher content of impurities in the anode copper.